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Document 1064
DOCN M9471064
TI HTLV-I and -II natural history and disease associations (Meeting
abstract).
DT 9409
AU Blattner WA; Viral Epidemiology Section, NCI, Bethesda, MD
SO International Association for Comparative Research on Leukemia and
Related Diseases, 16th Symposium. July 11-16, 1993, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada, A52, 1993.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/94698650
AB In 1980 HTLV-I and in 1982 HTLV-II were isolated. Considerable progress
has been gained in defining the natural history of HTLV-I, while for
HTLV-II progress has been slow. Recent studies have helped to clarify
mechanisms of virus transmission. Breast milk feeding is the major route
for transmission of HTLV-I in the first year, while for HTLV-II data is
circumstantial. Prospective studies in Jamaica document a fall in
maternal antibody titer in the first 6 months of life which coincides
with subsequent seroconversion. Recently, a lymphadenopathy syndrome has
been observed in children of HTLV-I positive mothers possibly reflecting
immune response to initial infection. In the transfusion setting half of
recipients seroconvert especially when the recipient is on
immunosuppressant drugs supporting the concept that host immune
responses contribute to clearing viral infection in some individuals.
The major source of adult acquired infection results from sexual
transmission especially in the setting of other sexually acquired
diseases with male to female rather than female to male transmission
predominating. Environmental cofactors which may amplify the
proliferation of lymphocytes and create activation marker targets which
amplify susceptibility have been suggested. The ATL syndrome appears to
result from early life exposure perhaps involving immunosuppressive
mechanisms as suggested by its possible link to Infective Dermatitis and
markers of immunosuppression (ie, elevated levels of tumor growth
factor-beta in cases). HAM/TSP and HAAP may involve heightened
immunologic over response in their pathogenesis, although virologic
factors are suggested by recent animal models. Several investigators
have described HAM/TSP-like illnesses in HTLV-II infected persons, and
large cell granulocytic cell leukemia has been reported as a possible
HTLV-II associated leukemia. Recent studies of Guaymi Indians in Panama
document differences in patterns of seroprevalence (equal male to female
ratio in each age group) and certain clinical syndromes which bear
investigation as possible HTLV-II associated diseases. Human
retroviruses are important candidates for diseases of unknown etiology,
particularly involving lymphoproliferative and immunologic processes.
DE Adult Biological Markers Breast Feeding Cell Division Female HTLV-I
Infections/IMMUNOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION HTLV-II
Infections/IMMUNOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION Human Infant, Newborn Leukemia,
T-Cell/ETIOLOGY Lymphocytes/PATHOLOGY Male Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Milk, Human Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/COMPLICATIONS Sexually
Transmitted Diseases MEETING ABSTRACT
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).